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American Architectural Manufacturers Association. A national trade association that establishes voluntary standards for the window, door, storefront, curtain wall, and skylight industries. Accessory Groove A shape included on a fenestration product frame that is designed to mate with installation accessories. Air Chambers Small honeycomb spaces within the sash and frame which help to insulate and strengthen the window Air Infiltration The amount of air that passes between a window sash and frame. In windows it is measured in terms of cubic feet or air per minute, per square foot of area. The lower the number, the less air the window lets pass through. Air leakage rating A measure of the rate of infiltration around a window or skylight in the presence of a specific pressure difference. It is expressed in units of cubic feet per minute per square foot of window area (cfm/sq ft) or cubic feet per minute per foot of window perimeter length (cfm/ft). The lower a window's air leakage rating, the better its airtightness. Aluminum Clad A window or door made from wood with an exterior skin of aluminum. Aluminum Window A window whose frame and sashes are made from aluminum. Annealed glass Standard sheet of float glass which has not been heat-treated. stresses, or improve strength, ductility, or other properties. ANSI American National Standards Institute - a clearing house for all types of standards and specifications. Argon gas Argon is a safe, odorless, colorless, non-toxic, non-flammable inert gas that is commonly used in place of air between the glass panes of an insulated Low-E glass unit. ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials. Organization that sets standards for testing of materials. Astragal The center member of a double door, which is attached to the fixed or inactive door panel. Azurelite Glass An aquamarine-tinted solar glass designed for controlling heat exchange through the glass panel. Backer Rod Balance System Device for holding vertically sliding sash in any desired position through the use of a spring or weight to counterbalance the weight of the sash. Bay Window A composite of three or more windows, usually made up of a large center unit and two flanking units at 30°, 45° or 90° angles to the wall. Beveled Exterior An angled extension from the frame that adds an aesthetically-pleasing dimension to the exterior of the window. Block Frame Window Used when replacing the wood sash of an old double hung wood window. Bottom rail The bottom horizontal member of a window sash. Bow Window An angled combination of windows in 3-, 4- or 5-lite configurations. The windows are attached at 10-degree angles to project a more circular, arced appearance. Breather Tube See Venturi Tube Brick Molding An exterior (milled) trim piece to cover the gap between the window frame and masonry in a masonry opening or in other siding. Brick Mould A form of exterior trim (casing) for windows and doors. In addition to serving as an anchor point for installation of the unit brick mould provides a boundary for brick or other siding material on the face of the building and attachment of hardware. (Sometimes called Shake mould). Brickmold A type of external casing which frames windows and doors. Bronze-Tint Glass Glass tinted with a light bronze coloring used to reduce the amount of light transmitted through the pane. This glass is predominantly used in southern locations where light intensity from the sun is stronger. Btu (B.T.U.) An abbreviation for British Thermal Unit, the heat required to increase the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Butyl A sealant compound commonly used in the production of insulated glass units. Cam Lock and Keeper The mechanisms which pull the sash together when placed in the locked position. Capillary Tubes Small hollow tubes which penetrate the spacer system of an insulating glass unit. They allow pressure equalization between manufacturing locations, shipping, and installation locations. Casement A window sash that swings open on side hinges; in-swinging are French in origin; out-swinging are from England. Casement Window A projecting window with a single sash hinged at the sides and usually opening outward like a door and operated by a (crank) handle which turns to open or close the unit. Casing (Trim): Exposed molding or framing around a window or door, on either the inside or outside, to cover the space between the window frame or jamb and the wall. Caulking A mastic compound for filling joints and sealing cracks to prevent leakage of water and air, commonly made of silicone, bituminous, acrylic, or rubber-based material. Certified IG Unit An insulating glass unit constructed like a unit test model, that has successfully passed the ASTM E773 and E774 tests of insulating glass seal durability performance at specific levels. CFM Cubic Feet per Minute. Circle Top Transom A half-circle window over a door or window, with radiating bars. Circle Top Window A window having a curved (radius) top and a flat bottom. The shape of the window is an exact half-circle with the height being exactly one-half of the width. Also called circle head, half-circle and half-round. Co-Extrusion The technique of extruding two or more materials through a single die being fed by separate extruders. Complete Window Replacement The installation of a replacement window where the previously-installed window is completely removed and replaced with a new frame/sash unit. Composite frame A frame consisting of two or more materials for example, an interior wood element with an exterior fiberglass element. Condensation The deposit of water vapor from the air on any cold surface whose temperature is below the dew point, such as a cold window glass or frame that is exposed to humid indoor air. Condensation Resistance Factor A measure of the effectiveness of a window or glazing system to reduce the potential for condensation. The higher the condensation resistance factor, the more efficient the window and glazing system. Conduction Heat transfer through a solid material by contact of one molecule to the next. Heat flows from a higher-temperature area to a lower-temperature one. Convection A heat transfer process involving motion in a fluid (such as air) caused by the difference in density of the fluid and the action of gravity. Convection affects heat transfer from the glass surface to room air, and between two panes of glass. Cottage Style Window A window with the meeting rail located off-center of the frame. CRF Condensation Resistance Factor. An indication of a window's ability to resist condensation. The higher the CRF, the less likely condensation is to occur. Cylinder Lock Lock in which keyhole and tumbler mechanism are contained in a cylinder separate from the lock case. Dead Lite A non-operable lite which is fixed to the structure. Dead-air space The space between the panes of glass of an I.G. Unit. Dead lite A piece of glass or IGU with a sash profile around it; not set within the main frame of a window unit. Dealer A business entity that typically deals in a small range of products and sells to an end user. Degree Day A unit that represents a one-degree Fahrenheit deviation from some fixed reference point (usually 65° F) in the mean, daily outdoor temperature. See also heating degree day. Desiccant A drying agent usually in granular form (similar to silica gel) used by some manufacturers between the panes of insulating glass (in edge spacer) to prevent "fogging" between the panes. Dew point The temperature at which water vapor in air will condense at a given state of humidity and pressure. Divided Light A window with a number of smaller panes of glass separated and held in place by muntins. Dormer A space which protrudes from the roof of a house, usually including one or more windows. Double Glazed Units Units consisting of two lites of glass and one air space in between. Double Glazing In general, two thicknesses of glass separated by an air space within an opening to improve insulation against heat transfer and/or sound transmission. In factory-made double glazing units, the air between the glass sheets is thoroughly dried and the space is sealed airtight, eliminating possible condensation and providing superior insulating properties. Double Hung Window Two sash which move vertically, by-passing each other in a single frame. Sash may be counter-balanced by weights or springs. Double or Dual Glazing Use of two panes of glass in a window to increase energy efficiency and provide other performance benefits. Double Strength A glass thickness designation. In float glass, approximately 1/8" thick. Double Strength Glass (DSB) 1/8" thickness. Drip Cap A piece of flashing which is contoured for application on top of windows and doors during installation. Its purpose is to prevent water from seeping down behind the casing and invading the interior of the wall. For Clad windows this item is often incorporated into the head nailing flange. Dry Glazing An alternative method of placing glass in a door or window. No glazing mastic is used. Dry glazing is recommended whenever reflective coatings are glazed to first surface. Dual Durometer A material that has two or more levels of flexibility. An example is the weatherstripping used between the frame and sash of a casement window or glaze bead used in glazing . Durometer A gauge used to measure the hardness of an elastometric material. Egress Literally, an exit (a means of exit). Actual open size determined by local building code. Egress Code The code that requires a minimum opening of a window for persons to exit or firefighters to enter a building. Egress Window a window with specific release hardware and minimum clear opening size to allow occupants to escape through the window in case of a fire. Elastometric Having the property of returning to its original shape and position. Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiant energy over a broad range of wavelengths. Emissivity The ability of a material to emit radiant energy. Emittance is the ratio of the total radiant energy emitted by a given surface to that emitted by an ideal black body at the same temperature. To emit is to give out, to discharge - in the case of glass, essentially, to reradiate absorbed energy (heat). ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR is an independent U.S. government program establishing a standard set of guidelines to recognize the energy efficiency of various products. ENERGY STAR guidelines are used in conjunction with a variety of building materials, including windows and patio doors. Entrance Door A door on the front entrance of a structure; also "front" or "main" entrance door; may be single or in pairs. Extension Casement Hinge A hinge for a casement window which provides clearance for cleaning the two sides of the sash from the inside. Exterior Glazed Glass set from the exterior of the building Exterior Stop The removable glazing bead that holds the glass or panel in place when it is on the exterior side of the light or panel, in contrast to an interior stop located on the interior side of the glass. Extrude the process of shaping aluminum or vinyl by forcing it through a die. Extruded Screen Frame Different from a Roll formed frame, this frame is pressed through a form or die. Extrusion A process for the production of continuous strips of material formed to a specific shape or profile. The material is forced through a die which has been cut to match the desired profile. As the material is extruded through the die, it is cut to the desired length and allowed to cool. This process is very common in creating frame and sash materials, as well as glass insulating spacers and glazing sealers. Eyebrow Window Today, used to identify certain arch-topped or radius-topped windows that have a curved top like the shape of a human eyebrow. In older homes, low, inward-opening windows with a bottom-hinged sash. These attic windows built into the top molding of the house are sometimes called 'lie-on-your-stomach' Failed IG Units An insulated glass unit failure exhibits permanent material obstruction of vision through the unit due to the accumulation of dust, moisture or film on the internal surface of the glass. Surface numbers 2&3 in double-glazed units. Fenestration An architectural term referring to the arrangement of windows in a wall. From the Latin word, "fenestra," meaning window. Fenestration Product Any transparent or translucent material plus any sash, frame, mullions, dividers, in the envelope of a building, including but not limited to: windows, sliding glass doors, french doors, skylights, curtain walls, and garden windows. Fiberglass A composite material made by embedding glass fibers in a polymer matrix that is pulled through a die to create a shape.. May be used as a diffusing material in . Fiberglass Window A window whose frame and sashes are made from Fiberglass. Fixed Light (Fixed Sash): Window which is non-operative (does not open). Fixed Lite A pane of glass installed directly into non-operating framing members; also, the opening or space for a pane of glass in a non-operating frame. Fixed Lite or Fixed Sash Non-operable section of a window (example: the top sash of a single-hung window.) Fixed Panel An inoperable panel of a sliding glass door or slider window. Fixed Window Non-venting or non-operable window. Also known as picture window. Flanker The designation given to units that flank a center picture unit in a double or triple combination or bay window. Float glass Glass formed by a process of floating the material on a bed of molten metal. It produces a high-optical-quality glass with parallel surfaces, without polishing and grinding. Flush Fin A replacement window with flush fin is used when replacing an existing aluminum sliding window. This is the most commonly used replacement window type. Foam Spacer Foam material placed in the airspace of the insulating glass in a window to enhance the appearance and improve the performance of the window. Fogging A deposit of contamination left on the inside surface of a sealed insulating glass unit due to extremes of temperatures or failed seals. Frame The enclosure in which window sash or door panels are mounted. The outer components of a window unit-side jambs, head jamb and sill (bottom jamb). These parts Frame" the sash in an operating window and form an immediate boundary for the glass in a direct fixed unit. Frame Dimension Measurement from outside of side jamb to outside of side jamb or from outside of head jamb to outside of sill (bottom jamb). glass panels or lights; often used in pairs; "casement" or "terrace" door. French Patio Door A type of swinging patio door which features two operating panels. One panel is designated as the active panel and is equipped with the active handle and latch set. The secondary inactive panel is equipped with flush bolts at head and sill allowing it to be fixed in place or to swing freely. The unit which has just been described is a Traditional or authentic French door. French Sliding Door A sliding door which has wider panel members around the glass, giving the appearance of a French hinged door. Full Screen A screen which covers the entire opening of a window. Fully-Tempered Glass Glass that has been tempered to a high degree. Specified by the ASTM C 1048 (Kind FT) as having a surface compression of not less than 10,000 pounds per square inch (PSI) or an edge compression of not less than 9,200 PSI. Fully-tempered glass, if broken, will disintegrate into many small pieces (dice) which are more or less cubical. Fully-tempered glass is four to five times stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness. Fusion Welding The process of heating mitered corners to 2008 F and bringing the heated corners into contact until they fuse together into a single piece of vinyl. Fusion-Welded The process of joining materials by melting them together with extreme heat (over 500°F), resulting in the materials uniting into a one-piece unit. Gas Fill A gas other than air, usually argon or krypton, placed between window or skylight glazing panes to reduce the U-factor by suppressing conduction and convection. Gas-Filled Units Insulating glass units with a gas other than air (usually an inert gas such as argon or krypton) in the airspace between the panes. This is done to decrease the unit's thermal conductivity (U-value) and increase the unit's sound insulating value. Gasket A pliable, flexible continuous strip of material used to affect a watertight seal between sash and frame of roof windows much like the seal around a refrigerator door. Geometric Specially designed windows classified as either Straight line Geometrics such as rectangles, triangles, trapezoid, octagons, pentagons, etc., or Radius Geometrics which include half-rounds, quarter-rounds, full-rounds, sectors, ellipses, eyebrows, etc. Geometric Windows These are specialty windows classified as either of two types: A. Straight Line Geometrics, rectangles, triangles, trapezoid, octagons, pentagons, etc. B. Radius Geometrics-half rounds, quarter rounds, full rounds, sectors, ellipses, etc. Glass An inorganic transparent material composed of sand (silica), soda (sodium bicarbonate), and lime (calcium carbonate) with small quantities of alumina, boric or magnesia oxides. Available Styles: Clear, Bronze, Grey and Tinted. Glass (Insulating) Two sheets of glass bonded together in a unit to enclose a captive air space. In the case of Xi welded glass, the edges are melted together and the air space is filled with an inert gas. Organic units have a hollow metal spacer around the perimeter and edges are sealed with an organic substance. These spacers must be filled with a desiccant, which is a chemical to absorb and hold any moisture trapped in the air space. The latest insulating units use Butyl, Silicone Foam and other non-conductive spacers at the edge for reduced thermal conduction. (Also called warm-edge.) Glazed Sash A sash in which the glass has been installed. Glazing Glass in a window or door; the act or process of fitting with glass. Glazing (Single) A single sheet of glass installed in a window sash. Glazing bead A plastic or wood strip applied to the window sash around the perimeter of the glass. Glazing Block A small, hard rubber block placed around the edges of the glass unit in a window sash to position the glass and prevent it from shifting. Glazing Compound A pliable substance applied between the window sash and the lites of glass to seal against the elements and sometimes to adhere the glass to the sash. Glazing Tape Double-sided tape used to adhere glass to sash and form an airtight, watertight seal. Greenhouse Window A three-dimensional window that projects from the exterior wall and usually has glazing on all sides except the bottom, which serves as a shelf. Grids Decorative horizontal or vertical bars installed between the glass panes to create the appearance of the sash being dividing into smaller lites of glass . Grids in the Air Space Grids mounted between the two panes of glass of an insulated glass unit. Half Screen A screen which does not cover the entire opening of a window. Used on the bottom half of single hung units and on the operating sash of single sliders. Hard Coat A term used for a type of Low-E glass that is usually less expensive and a lower performing type of Low-E glass. Sometimes referred to as 'Pyrolytic Low-E". Head The main horizontal member forming the top of the window or door frame. Head Board A flat board cut to fit the contour of a bow or bay window and installed between the head jambs and the flat wall surface to finish off that area which would normally be ceiling. Header A horizontal framing member placed over the rough opening of a window to prevent the weight of wall or roof from resting on the window frame. Heat Fusion (welding) method to join PVC frame and/or sash members by heating the cut ends, squeezing them together, and allowing the assembly to cool. Heat Gain The transfer of heat from outside to inside by means of conduction, convection, and radiation through all surfaces of a house. Heat Loss The transfer of heat from inside to outside by means of conduction, convection, and radiation through all surfaces of a house. HEAT MIRROR A thin transparent insulating film that is inserted between double glazing which permits transmission of visible light but reflects far-infrared radiation. Heat Mirror is a registered trademark of Southwall Technologies. Heating Degree Day Term used by heating and cooling engineers to relate the typical climate conditions of different areas to the amount of energy needed to heat and cool a building. The base temperature is 65 degrees Fahrenheit. A heating degree day is counted for each degree below 65 degrees reached by the average daily outside temperatures in the winter. For example, if on a given winter day, the daily average temperature outdoors is 30 degrees, then there are 35 degrees below the base temperature of 65 degrees. Thus, there are 35 heating degree days for that day. Heavy Float Glass Used in furniture, tabletops, storefronts. Hinge A movable joint enabling a window or door to swing open. Hinged Windows Windows (casement, awning, and hopper) with an operating sash that has hinges on one side. See also Projected window. Many basement windows are this type. Horizontal Slider A window with a movable panel that slides horizontally. Hung Window a window in which the operating sash move up and down within the master frame. The weight of each operating sash is counterbalanced with balances to permit easy operation. I.G. Unit (Insulating Glass Unit) Two or more lites of glass separated by a spacer and hermetically sealed at the glass edges. Infiltration Leakage of outdoor air into a house, such as through cracks around sash or window frame. Infrared Radiation Invisible, electromagnetic radiation beyond red light on the spectrum, with wavelengths greater than 0.7 microns. Insulated Glass Unit (IG Unit) A combination of two or more panes of glass with hermetically sealed space between the panes of glass. This space may or may not be filled with an inert gas, such as argon. The purpose of bonding the glass panes in this fashion is to increase the insulating properties of the unit. provides one or more air spaces between layers of glazing. Insulating Glass Unit (IGU) two pieces of glass spaced apart and hermetically sealed to form a unit with an air space between. Heat transmission through this type of glass may be as low as half that without such an air space. Insulating Value See U-factor. Insulation Construction materials used for protection from noise, heat, cold or fire. Interior Glazing Glass set from the interior of the building. Interlock a design feature which enables sash to engage one another when closed. Internal Grids Grids mounted between the two panes of glass of an insulated glass unit. Jamb The main vertical members forming the sides of a window or door frame. J-Channel Integral extension on the outside of a new construction window that eases installation on siding applications. Keeper The part of a window lock, mounted on an opposing surface of the window, that the lock arm locks under or into to pull the sash into a locked position and fully releases it when opened. Krypton An inert, odorless, colorless, tasteless, nontoxic gas which is about 12 times denser than air. It is used to replace air between the glass panes to reduce temperature transfer and deter convection. Used when a higher performance is desired than that produced with KWH KiloWatt Hour. Unit of energy or work equal to one thousand watt-hours. Laminate A composite unit of glass and interlayer material. Laminated Glass Two or more pieces of glass bonded together over a plastic interlayer. Laminating A method of bonding an overlay(wood acrylic etc.) to a window component. Latch (Catch/Lock) A device which holds a window shut, such as the latch at the meeting of a double-hung window or one mounted on the stile of casement windows, often referred to as Lock. Leaded Glass Small, usually irregular panes of glass, sometimes vari-colored, joined together by lead or zinc muntins and bars and used primarily for decorative purposes; zinc bar glazing. Lift Rail Sash rail component with a molded handgrip integrated into the profile. This makes raising and lowering the sash easier. Light or Lite Glazing framed by muntins and/or sash in a window or door. Lineal Footage A dimension expressing length (in feet) only. For example, the width of a unit (in inches) plus the height (in inches) x 2 divided by 12 = the perimeter measurement of the unit in lineal feet. Lite A unit of glass in a window or door; it is enclosed by the sash or by muntins and bars - also called a pane. Lock Device mounted on a sash meeting rail which, when coupled with a keeper, prevents the sash from being opened. Some lock designs incorporate a cam design that pulls the sash rails together for a tighter fit as it is locked. Long-Wave Infrared Radiation. Invisible radiation, beyond red light on the electromagnetic spectrum (above 3.5 micro meters), emitted by warm surfaces such as a body at room temperature radiating to a cold window surface. window having louvers or slats that fill all or part of the opening. See Jalousie Window.A Low E (Emissivity) Glass Glass with a transparent metallic oxide coating applied onto or into a glass surface. The coating allows short-wave energy to pass through but reflects long-wave infrared energy which improves the U-value. Low E Glass a transparent coating applied to a glass surface to separate long wave (heat) energy and short wave (light) energy. The long wave is reflected back to the heat source. The short wave is allowed to pass through the coating. Low-Conductance Spacers An assembly of materials designed to reduce heat transfer at the edge of an insulating window. Spacers are placed between the panes of glass in a double- or triple-glazed window. Low-E Squared Glass: A trade name for a particular brand of Low-E glass. Low-Emissivity (Low-E) Glass: A special type of glass having a transparent material fused into its surface which acts as a thermal mirror. Increases the performance of windows and doors Low-Emittance (Low-E) Coating. Microscopically thin, virtually invisible, metal or metallic oxide layers deposited on a window or skylight glazing surface primarily to reduce the U-factor by suppressing radiative heat flow. A typical type of low-E coating is transparent to the solar spectrum (visible light and short-wave infrared radiation) and reflective of long-wave infrared radiation. Main Frame The head, sill and jambs sections of a window. Manufacturer A business entity that builds products. Mechanical Frame Window A window where all of the fastening has been accomplished mechanically (typically with screws) rather than with welding processes. Mechanically Fastened Frame Refers to window or door frames fastened with screws. Meeting Rail The horizontal sections of a pair of sash that meet when the sash are closed. Meeting Stile The vertical section of a pair of sash that meet when the sash are closed. One of the two horizontal members of a double-hung sash which come together. Mesh Fabric made of either fiberglass or aluminum, used in the making of screens. Metal-Clad Windows Exterior wood parts covered with extruded aluminum or other metal, with a factory-applied finish to deter the elements. Micoban Antimicrobial agent that resists the growth of mold ,mildew and bacteria on surfaces or products containing Microban additive. Miter Moulding returned upon itself at right angles. In joinery, the ends of two pieces of wood that are cut at a 45E angle abutting upon one another so as to form a right angle. Miter Joint Two members joined at an angle, commonly 45 degrees. Monolithic A glazing assembly construction consisting of only one lite or pane of glass, polycarbonate, acrylic, or plastic. Mortise A slot or rectangular cavity cut into a piece of wood to receive another part. Mullion A major structural vertical or horizontal member between window units or sliding glass doors. Multi-Point Locking A term used for locking hardware that engages a window sash to the frame at multiple locations with a single throw of an operator. Muntin Applies to any short or light bar, either vertical or horizontal, used to separate glass in a sash into multiple lights. Also called a windowpane divider or a grille. Muntin Bar Any small bar that divides a windows glass. Also called a grille or windowpane divider. Muntin Grilles Wood, plastic, or metal grids designed for a single-light sash to give the appearance of muntins in a multilight sash, but removable for ease in cleaning the window. Nailing Fin An integral extension of a window or patio door frame which generally laps over the conventional stud construction and through which nails are driven to secure the frame in place. Nailing Fin (Flange) A strip of sheet material (vinyl, Aluminum, steel etc.) which is integral to or fastened to the frame of units. This creates a flange which is a common method for installation of new construction windows and doors. Nail-On Windows with nail-on fins are for new construction. New Construction The building of a brand new structure. NFRC National Fenestration Rating Council. Nite Latch hardware which, when extended, restricts the sash opening to a predetermined dimension. Obscure Glass Any textured glass (frosted, etched, fluted, ground, etc.) used for privacy, light diffusion, or decorative effects. Open Sash A sash in which the glass has not been installed. Operable window Window that can be opened for ventilation. Operating Panel In a two - door or two - panel swing or sliding door, the panel that opens. Operator Crank-operated device for opening and closing casement or jalousie windows. Oriel Window A window with the meeting rail located off-center of the frame. The exterior protruding portion of a window frame which has no exterior casing. Palladian Window A large, arch-top window flanked by smaller windows on each side. Pane One of the compartments of a door or window consisting of a single sheet of glass in a frame; also, a sheet of glass. Panel A major component of a sliding glass door, consisting of a light of glass in a frame installed within the main (or outer) frame of the door. A panel may be sliding or fixed. a mechanical (or active) method of storage or distribution of the heat. Patio Door A glass door that slides opens and close on adjustable tandem rollers. Available in 2- or 3-lite configurations with the operable panel available in any position. Picture Non-venting or non-operable window. Also known as a fixed window. Picture Window A large, fixed window framed so that it is usually, but not always, longer horizontally than vertically to provide a panoramic view. Pivot Bar A metal post attached to a moving sash and seated in a balance shoe that allows a window sash to tilt. Pivot Pin (Pivot Bar) Part mounted on or in the end of the sash that fits into balance shoe and from which the sash may be tilted or pivoted in. Pivot Window A window with a sash that swings open or shut by revolving on pivots at either side of the sash or at top and bottom. Plumb Vertical; to make vertical. Pocket Sill A deep sill (frame) design that completely surrounds the bottom edge of the sash in the closed position. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) An extruded or molded plastic material used for window framing and as a thermal barrier for aluminum windows. Prairie Grid Pattern Grid pattern which is typically approximately 4 inches from the rails and styles of each lite. The intersections at the corners of the lite create a 4 inch square box in each corner. curing type sealant to certain surfaces. PPG Pittsburgh Plate Glass est 1883 Psf pounds per square foot - a measurement of air pressure used in window testing, e.g., 1.56 psf (25 mph) or 6.24 psf (50mph). Pull Rail A handhold for sliding the sash back and forth. Rail implies that the handhold is continuous across the sash. Pultruded A term used to define the action of creating fiberglass window and door components. Glass fiber strands coated in plastic resin are pulled through a die to create a long board like component. Pyrolytic Coating A coating applied during the manufacturing of the glass itself. Because they are actually part of the glass sheet, pyrolytic or "hard coat" surfaces are very durable and require no special handling. Quarter Round Window Stationary or operating window with glass shaped as a quarter circle; it is often divided into separate panes by a removable grille, installed on the interior or grille between the glass. R Value a measurement of heat resistance (the higher, the better). R value = the number 1 divided by the U value. Radiation Wave energy transmitted directly from one object to another through the atmosphere or through transparent or translucent materials. The energy radiated is transmitted, absorbed, reflected or a combination of all three. Rail The top and bottom horizontal members of the framework of a window sash. Reflectance The ratio of reflected radiant energy to incident radiant energy. Window glass coated to reflect radiation striking the surface of the glass. Relative Humidity Condensation Point The relative humidity level at which visible water vapor or other liquid vapor begins to form on the surface of the sash or frame, based on an inside temperature of 70E F and an outside temperature of 0E F. The higher the percentage, the more moisture the air can hold before condensation will occur. Relative Humidity. The percentage of moisture in the air in relationship to the amount of moisture the air could hold at that given temperature. At 100 percent relative humidity, moisture condenses and falls as rain. Retrofit define, per Version 1.1 of Residential Window and Door Guidelines of the Association of Window and Door Installers. Per ASTM E631, to add new materials or equipment not provided at the time of original construction. Retrofitting Adding or replacing items on existing buildings. Typical retrofit products are replacement doors and windows, insulation, storm windows, caulking, weatherstripping, vents, landscaping. Reveal That part of the edge of a door or window jamb not covered by the casing. Roll Formed Screen Frame A method of fabrication in which a flat (usually metal) material is placed on a machine where the material is formed into shape using differently shaped rollers and pressure. Rough opening The framed opening in a wall into which a window or door unit is to be installed. R-Value A measure of the resistance of a glazing material or fenestration assembly to heat flow. It is the inverse of the U-factor (R = 1/U) and is expressed in units of hr-sq ft-°F/Btu. A high-R-value window has a greater resistance to heat flow and a higher insulating value than one with a low R-value. Safety Glass A strengthened or reinforced glass that is less subject to breakage or splintering. Sash The part of the window which contains the glass. Sash Alignment System An exclusive hinge-type system used on hung windows. This system attaches the sash to the balance, creating perfect alignment between the sash and frame, while allowing the sash to tilt inward for cleaning. Sash and Frame A window and its cased framing. Sash Lock Generally, a cam-action type lock applied to the check rails of a sliding window or at the open edges of a projecting window to pull the check rails tightly together or to seal the sash tightly to the frame, both for security and weathertightness. Screen. Woven mesh of metal, plastic, or fiberglass stretched over a window opening to permit air to pass through, but not insects. through the screen. Sealant A compressible plastic material used to seal any opening or junction of two parts, such as between the glass and its sash, commonly made of silicone, butyl tape or polysulfide. Seat Board A flat board cut to fit the contour of a bow or bay window and installed between the sills and the flat wall surface, providing a seat or shelf space. Self- Cleaning glass Glass must have Titanium-dioxide coating applied when glass is in liquid state. Very durable coating that won’t come off or go away. Glass is reactive to sun’s uv rays. (PPG’s SunClean glass) Setting Block A small piece of neoprene or other suitable material used to position a piece of glass in its frame. Shading Coefficient (SC) A measure of the ability of a window or skylight to transmit solar heat, relative to that ability for 1/8-inch clear, double- strength, single glass. It is being phased out in favor of the solar heat gain coefficient, and is approximately equal to the SHGC multiplied by 1.15. It is expressed as a number without units between 0 and 1. The lower a window's solar heat gain coefficient or shading coefficient, the less solar heat it transmits, and the greater is its shading ability. Sheet Glass. A transparent, flat glass found in older windows, now largely replaced by float glass. Shims Wood wedges (often wood shingles) used to secure the window or door unit in the rough or masonry opening in a square, level and plumb position during and after installation. Short-Wave Infrared Radiation Invisible radiation, just beyond red light on the electromagnetic spectrum (between 0.7 and 2.5 microns), emitted by hot surfaces and included in solar radiation. Side Jamb The upright vertical member forming the sides of the frame of a window or door unit. Side Lights Tall, narrow, fixed or operating sash on either or both sides of a door to light an entryway or vestibule. Side Lite (Light) A fixed, often narrow, glass window next to a door opening (or window). Sill The horizontal member which forms the bottom of a window or door frame. Sill Extender An extrusion that is attached to the bottom of the window to cover the gap between the sill and the rough opening. Single Hung A window in which one sash slides vertically and the other sash is fixed Single Strength Glass (SSB) 3/32" thickness. Single Hung Window A window consisting of two sashes of glass, the top one stationary and the bottom movable. Skylight (operable or pivot). A roof window that gives light and ventilation. Slider A window where the moveable sash "slides" horizontally on rollers to open rather than vertically (like a double-hung) Slider Window A window in which the sash move horizontally. Sliders are available in a 2- or 3-lite configuration, with the 3-lite having operable end vents. Sliding Door A door consisting of two or more panels, one of which is fixed and one that operates by sliding in a track to open and close. Also called a gliding door. Sliding Glass Door A door fitted with one or more panels that move horizontally on a track and/or in grooves. Moving action is usually of rolling type (rather than sliding type). Also called gliding door, rolling glass door, and patio sliding door. Sliding Sash A window which moves horizontally in grooves or tracks. Sliding Window A window fitted with one or more sashes opening by sliding horizontally or vertically in grooves provided by frame members. Vertical sliders may be single- or double-hung. Sloped Sill The sill of the window that has a downward slope to the outside. This sill has sufficient degree of slope to aid in water runoff. Sloped Sill Adapter Used to cover the gap between the old sloped sill window and the new block frame window. It adapts a new window to the existing sloping sill. Smart Window. Generic term for windows with switchable coatings to control solar gain. Soft Coat Term used for a multilayered Low-E glass that typically performs better and costs more than hard coat Low-E. Sometimes referred to a "Sputter Coated" Low-E. Solar Control Coatings Thin film coatings on glass or plastic that absorb or reflect solar energy, thereby reducing solar gain. Solar Gain The process of providing a net heat gain within a structure, over and above the normal heat loss, by passive collection of the sun's heat through windows and other glazed areas. Solar Heat Gain The percentage of heat gained from both direct sunlight and absorbed heat. The smaller the number, the greater the ability to reduce solar heat gain. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) The fraction of solar radiation admitted through a window or skylight, both directly transmitted, and absorbed and subsequently released inward. The solar heat gain coefficient has replaced the shading coefficient as the standard indicator of a window's shading ability. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The lower a window's solar heat gain coefficient, the less solar heat it transmits, and the greater its shading ability. SHGC can be expressed in terms of the glass alone or can refer to the entire window assembly. Solar Radiation The total radiant energy from the sun, including ultraviolet and infrared wave lengths as well as visible light. Solar Spectrum The intensity variation of sunlight across its spectral range. Sound Transmission Class (STC) The sound transmission loss rating of a material over a selected range of sound frequencies. The higher the number, the less sound transmitted. Spacer Material placed between two or more pieces of glass in order to maintain a uniform width between the glass, and prevent sealant distortion. Specialty or Special Shaped Window A window of a "non-standard" shape or construction such as a triangle-shaped window, round or curved window or with unusual lite (light) arrangements, etc. Spectrally Selective Coating. A coated or tinted glazing with optical properties that are transparent to some wavelengths of energy and reflective to others. Typical spectrally selective coatings are transparent to visible light and reflect short-wave and long-wave infrared radiation. Spline For screening, a small strip of metal or flexible tubing or gasket material that fits into a groove in the screen frame to secure the screen cloth. Sputter Coating A micro-thin metallic oxide coating vacuum-deposited on the surface of glass after manufacturing. Sputter coatings are vulnerable to moisture and abrasion and must be enclosed in sealed insulating window units. Square Foot A unit of measure for designating area One foot by one foot. Derived from width (in inches) x height (in inches) divided by 144 = area in square feet. Stacked Window Units A vertical (combined) grouping of awning, hopper, casement or non-operating windows to form a large, multiple unit. Stationary Sash A fixed sash; also referred to as a picture, studio, vista or view sash. Step Glazing The creation of an IG unit that has one pane larger than the other (also known as an offset IG unit). This method is mostly used in commercial building applications. Stile The upright or vertical edges of a door, window, or screen. Stucco Fin An extrusion used in stucco home installations that is attached to the main frame to create a smooth, finished look for both the window and the stucco. Tape Glazing Two-sided tape used to secure and seal the glass to the sash. Tempered Glass Glass with a surface compression of not less than 10,000 psi, or an edge compression of not less than 9,700 psi. When broken, the glass breaks into pebbles instead of shards. Tempering The process of hardening a piece of glass by heating and cooling it. Threshold The member that lies at the bottom of a sliding glass door or swinging door; the sill of a doorway. Tinted Glass Glass with a material added to give the glass a light and/or heat reducing capability and color. Total Solar Reflectance The percent of solar radiation that is reflected by a glazing system. Total Solar Transmittance The percent of incident solar radiation that directly passes through a glazing system. Transmittance The ability of the glass to transmit solar energy in the visible light, the ultraviolet, and the infrared ranges, centrally measured in percentages of each. Transom A small window that fits over the top of a door or window, primarily for additional light and aesthetic value. Transom Window A large horizontally-oriented window (typically semi-circular or an artistic variation of that shape) mounted above a door or group of windows. Triple Glazing Windows that are made of three panes of glass with air space between the lites. True Divided Light A term which refers to windows in which multiple individual panes of glass or lights are assembled in the sash using muntins. U Value A measurement of heat transmission. The U value of a window is measured by the number of BTU's that will pass through each square foot of area per degree of temperature difference from one side of the window to the other (the lower, the better). U value = the number 1 divided by the R value. UBC Uniform Building Code. U-Factor (U-Value) A measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss or gain through a material or assembly. It is expressed in units of Btu/hr-sq ft-°F (W/sq m-°C). Values are normally given for NFRC/ASHRAE winter conditions of 0° F (18° C) outdoor temperature, 70° F (21° C) indoor temperature, 15 mph wind, and no solar load. The U-factor may be expressed for the glass alone or the entire window, which includes the effect of the frame and the spacer materials. The lower the U-factor, the greater a window's resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating value. UI See United Inches Ultra Violet Type of radiation with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light and longer than those of X-rays. Causes sunburn, fading and breakdown of fabric, wood, furniture and other exposed surfaces. Ultraviolet Light (UV) The invisible rays of the spectrum that are outside of the visible spectrum at its short-wavelength violet end. Ultraviolet rays are found in everyday sunlight and can cause fading of paint finishes, carpets, and fabrics. United Inches The dimension found by adding the total of one width and one length of a window unit, expressed in inches. (example: a window that is 30" wide by 50" high is 80 United Inches). UV Absorption Normal glass absorbs ultraviolet rays. If ultraviolet transmission is desired, quartz-based glass is used. U-Value Rate of heat flow U-value through the complete heat barrier, from room air to outside air. The lower the U-value, the better the insulating value (see U-factor) Vent the operating portion of a window that swings or projects in or out. Venturi Tubes Ventilating tubes placed in an IG unit to allow the shipment of sealed IG units to areas of differing altitudes. This prevents the IG unit from building up too much pressure when shipped to high altitudes When the IG unit reaches the final destination, the tube is normally removed and the IG unit re-sealed. Vinyl Window A window whose frame and sashes are made from vinyl. Visible Light Reflectance The percent of total visible light that is reflected by a glazing system. Visible Light Transmission The percent of total visible light that passes through a glazing system. Visible Light Transmittance The percentage of light that is transmitted through glass in the visible light spectrum (380 to 720 nanometers). The higher the number the higher the percentage of visible light transmitted through the window. Visible Light The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that produces light that can be seen. Wavelengths range from 380 to 720 nanometers. Visible Transmittance (VT) The percentage or fraction of the visible spectrum (380 to 720 nanometers) weighted by the sensitivity of the eye, that is transmitted through the glazing. Warm Edge Spacer Use of a non-conductive edge spacer in insulating glass units instead of the conventional metal (conductive) edge spacer. "Warm Edge" spacers may be made of butyl, silicone foam or other non-metallic materials and sealants. Warm-Edge Technology The use of low-conductance spacers to reduce heat transfer near the edge of insulated glazing. Weatherstrip A strip of resilient material for covering the joint between the window sash and frame in order to reduce air leaks and prevent water from entering the structure. Many types - woolpile, bulb, fin, leaf, etc. Older types include metal, foil and felt strips (used primarily on doors). Weatherstripping A material or device used to seal the openings, gaps or cracks of venting window and door units to prevent water and air infiltration. Weep Flaps A weep hole that is covered with vinyl flap that allows water to escape, while keeping insects out. Weep Hole A small opening in a wall or window sill member through which water may drain to the building exterior. Weep Slots Slots or holes in the sill (bottom) member of the sash frame that provides an outdoor release of infiltrated rainwater. Welding (Fusion) Joining thermoplastic pieces by one of several heat-softening processes. A properly welded corner is as strong, or stronger, than the extrusion itself. Wet Glazing The practice of using a silicone-type adhesive and sealer to fasten the lites into a sash. Wholesale Selling a product from a business to a distributor or dealer who in turn sells it to the end user. Wholesaler A business entity that buys from a manufacturer then resells a product to another business or end user. Window A glazed opening in an external wall of a building; an entire unit consisting of a frame sash and glazing, and any operable elements. Window Frame The fixed frame of a window which holds the sash as well as the operating hardware for the window. Window Hardware Various devices and mechanisms for the window including: catches, cords and chains, fasteners and locks, hinges and pivots, lifts and pulls, pulleys and sash weights, sash balances and stays. Window Size always expressed as width first, then height. Window Style the description of the way a window operates, e.g., hung, sliding, casement, etc. Wood Window A window whose frame and sashes are made from wood. XO Sliding Window Since "O" indicates the fixed sash, this is a window in which the left sash slides and right sash is fixed, looking from the outside in. XX Sliding Window Since "X" indicates the moving sash, this is a window in which both sash operate. Zinc Oxide A chemical added to certain types of laboratory and studio glass. The chemical makes the glass more elastic, which aids in the forming of glass using glass-blowing techniques. |
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